Cambridge IGCSE·Co-ordinated Sciences 0654·Biology Transport In Animals

📋Key knowledge — Transport In Animals

Double circulation: pulmonary (heart → lungs → heart) and systemic (heart → body → heart).
Arteries: carry blood AWAY from heart; thick walls, small lumen, high pressure, no valves.
Veins: carry blood TOWARDS heart; thin walls, large lumen, low pressure, have valves.
Capillaries: one cell thick wall, where exchange of gases and nutrients occurs.
Red blood cells: no nucleus, biconcave, contain haemoglobin — carry O₂.
Haemoglobin + O₂ ⇌ oxyhaemoglobin (in lungs); releases O₂ in tissues.
White blood cells: phagocytes (engulf pathogens) and lymphocytes (produce antibodies).
Plasma: transports dissolved substances — glucose, CO₂, urea, hormones, antibodies.
Platelets: involved in blood clotting.
Heart: left side pumps oxygenated blood; right side pumps deoxygenated blood.

IGCSE Biology — Transport in animals

1224 Cambridge IGCSE 0654 biology past paper questions on transport in animals, organised by subtopic. Pick a subtopic to start practising.

About transport in animals on IGCSE 0654

The human circulatory system, the heart, blood vessels and blood, and how oxygen and nutrients are carried around the body.