Cambridge IGCSE·Co-ordinated Sciences 0654·Biology
Coordination Response
Key knowledge — Coordination Response
Key facts & rules
- Nervous system: brain + spinal cord (CNS) + peripheral nerves.
- Reflex arc: receptor → sensory neurone → relay neurone (spinal cord) → motor neurone → effector.
- Synapse: gap between neurones — neurotransmitters carry the signal across.
- Endocrine system: glands secrete hormones into blood — slower but longer-lasting than nerves.
- Insulin: secreted by pancreas → lowers blood glucose (promotes glycogen storage).
- Glucagon: secreted by pancreas → raises blood glucose (promotes glycogen breakdown).
- Adrenalin: 'fight or flight' hormone — increases heart rate, releases glucose.
- ADH: produced by pituitary → increases water reabsorption in kidneys.
- Auxin: plant hormone; accumulates on shaded side → cells elongate → shoot bends towards light (phototropism).
IGCSE Biology — Coordination & response
1433 Cambridge IGCSE 0654 biology past paper questions on coordination & response, organised by subtopic. Pick a subtopic to start practising.
About coordination & response on IGCSE 0654
The nervous system, reflex arcs, the eye, hormones, homeostasis and tropisms in plants — how organisms detect and respond to changes.