IGCSE Practice

Cambridge IGCSE·Co-ordinated Sciences 0654·Biology Variation Selection
📋Key knowledge — Variation Selection

Key facts & rules

  • Continuous variation: range of values (e.g. height, mass) — controlled by many genes + environment.
  • Discontinuous variation: distinct categories (e.g. blood group, tongue rolling) — usually one gene.
  • Natural selection: heritable variation + struggle for existence + differential reproduction = evolution.
  • Darwin's theory: individuals with favourable variations survive and reproduce more → those alleles become more common.
  • Selective breeding: humans select parents with desirable traits → breed together over generations.
  • Evidence for evolution: fossil record, comparative anatomy, DNA comparisons.
  • Antibiotic resistance: bacteria with resistance allele survive treatment → reproduce → resistance spreads (natural selection).

IGCSE Biology — Variation & selection

490 Cambridge IGCSE 0654 biology past paper questions on variation & selection, organised by subtopic. Pick a subtopic to start practising.

About variation & selection on IGCSE 0654

Continuous and discontinuous variation, adaptation, natural selection, and selective breeding.

Variation & selection subtopics

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