Exercise 1 — IGCSE 0653 Mar 2024 Paper 42 Q8
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fractional and distillation
Cambridge IGCSE·Combined Sciences 0653·Chemistry
Experimental Techniques Analysis
Key knowledge — Experimental Techniques Analysis
Formulas & equations
Rf = distance moved by spot ÷ distance moved by solvent front (chromatography)
Key facts & rules
- Filtration: separates insoluble solid from liquid.
- Evaporation/crystallisation: separates soluble solid from solution.
- Simple distillation: separates a liquid from a solution (e.g. water from salt solution).
- Fractional distillation: separates liquids with different boiling points.
- Paper chromatography: separates dissolved substances by how far they travel on paper with solvent.
- Test for H₂: lit splint → squeaky pop.
- Test for O₂: glowing splint → relights.
- Test for CO₂: limewater → turns milky.
- Test for Cl₂: damp litmus paper → bleaches white.
- Flame tests: Li→red, Na→yellow, K→lilac, Ca→orange-red, Cu→blue-green.
- Test for sulfate SO₄²⁻: add Ba²⁺(aq) → white precipitate BaSO₄.
- Test for halide ions: add AgNO₃(aq): Cl⁻→white ppt; Br⁻→cream ppt; I⁻→yellow ppt.
IGCSE Chemistry — Experimental Techniques & Analysis
4 Cambridge IGCSE 0653 Combined Sciences past paper questions on experimental techniques & analysis, across Theory, Multiple Choice and Alternative to Practical.
About Experimental Techniques & Analysis on IGCSE 0653
Laboratory techniques are used to separate mixtures and identify substances. Tests for common gases, ions and organic functional groups are a key part of Cambridge IGCSE 0653 practical chemistry.
What's covered:
- Filtration, evaporation and crystallisation
- Distillation and fractional distillation
- Chromatography: Rf values
- Tests for gases: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, chlorine, ammonia
- Flame tests
- Tests for ions using precipitates
- Measuring purity by melting/boiling point
Theory
Experimental Techniques & Analysis — Extended3 · Paper 4
Exercise 2 — IGCSE 0653 May/Jun 2024 Paper 41 Q2
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A (cold) water (out) (at top)
Exercise 3 — IGCSE 0653 May/Jun 2024 Paper 42 Q2
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water, boils / is heated and evaporates / becomes steam / becomes water vapour / leaves the flask
Alternative to practical
Experimental Techniques & Analysis — ATP1 questions
Exercise 1 — IGCSE 0653 May/Jun 2025 Paper 63 Q3
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One marking point from each section and any two others (if one section is missing max 6 etc.):
All Experimental Techniques & Analysis questions in this collection
| Type | Level | Paper | Session | Q# | Marks | Answer / key |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | Extended | Paper 63 | May/Jun 2025 | Q3 | 7 marks | One marking point from each section and any two others (if one section is missin… |
| Theory | Extended | Paper 42 | Mar 2024 | Q8 | 9 marks | fractional and distillation |
| Theory | Extended | Paper 41 | May/Jun 2024 | Q2 | 9 marks | A (cold) water (out) (at top) |
| Theory | Extended | Paper 42 | May/Jun 2024 | Q2 | 11 marks | water, boils / is heated and evaporates / becomes steam / becomes water vapour /… |