Exercise 1 — IGCSE 0654 Nov 2025 Paper 31 Q11
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Cambridge IGCSE·Co-ordinated Sciences 0654·Physics
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Key knowledge — Waves
Formulas & equations
Wave speed = frequency × wavelength (v = fλ)Period = 1 ÷ frequency (T = 1/f)Snell's law: n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂Refractive index: n = sin i ÷ sin r = speed in vacuum ÷ speed in mediumCritical angle: sin C = 1/n
Key facts & rules
- Transverse wave: oscillations perpendicular to direction of travel (light, water, EM waves).
- Longitudinal wave: oscillations parallel to direction of travel (sound, P-waves).
- Amplitude: maximum displacement from equilibrium — related to energy/loudness.
- Frequency (Hz): number of complete waves per second.
- Wavelength: distance between two adjacent identical points.
- Reflection: angle of incidence = angle of reflection (measured from normal).
- Refraction: wave changes speed when entering a new medium → changes direction.
- Total internal reflection: occurs when angle of incidence > critical angle (light going dense → less dense).
- Electromagnetic spectrum (low to high frequency): radio → microwave → infrared → visible → UV → X-ray → gamma.
- All EM waves travel at 3 × 10⁸ m/s in a vacuum.
IGCSE Physics — Electromagnetic spectrum
33 Cambridge IGCSE 0654 questions on electromagnetic spectrum, across all three components.
About electromagnetic spectrum on IGCSE 0654
Every Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences 0654 question on electromagnetic spectrum (Waves, Physics), across all three exam components. Theory and alternative-to-practical come with full mark schemes; multiple choice is interactive — click an option to check it.
Theory
Electromagnetic spectrum — Core theory questions17 total · Paper 3
Exercise 2 — IGCSE 0654 Jun 2025 Paper 31 Q11
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Exercise 3 — IGCSE 0654 Nov 2024 Paper 32 Q3
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Electromagnetic spectrum — Extended theory questions2 total · Paper 4
Exercise 4 — IGCSE 0654 Jun 2024 Paper 42 Q3
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Exercise 5 — IGCSE 0654 Nov 2022 Paper 41 Q12
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Multiple choice
Electromagnetic spectrum — Core multiple choice questions6 total · Paper 1
Exercise 1 — IGCSE 0654 May/June 2025 Paper 11 Q39
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Correct answer: A
Exercise 2 — IGCSE 0654 May/June 2024 Paper 11 Q34
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Correct answer: B
Exercise 3 — IGCSE 0654 Oct/Nov 2024 Paper 11 Q34
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Correct answer: D
Exercise 4 — IGCSE 0654 May/June 2022 Paper 12 Q35
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Correct answer: B
Electromagnetic spectrum — Extended multiple choice questions8 total · Paper 2
Exercise 5 — IGCSE 0654 March 2025 Paper 22 Q32
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Correct answer: C
Exercise 6 — IGCSE 0654 May/June 2025 Paper 22 Q35
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Correct answer: A
Exercise 7 — IGCSE 0654 May/June 2025 Paper 23 Q40
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Correct answer: A
Exercise 8 — IGCSE 0654 Oct/Nov 2024 Paper 21 Q34
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Correct answer: B