3 (a) The table shows information about some of the planets in the solar system. Planet Diameter (km) Average distance from the Sun (km) Earth 12 800 1.496 # 108 Mars 6 800 2.279 # 108 Jupiter 143 000 7.786 # 108 Saturn 120 500 1.434 # 109 Neptune 49 500 4.495 # 109 (i) The average distance of Mars from the Sun is 2.279#108km. Write this distance as an ordinary number. ........................................... km [1] (ii) The planet Uranus has a diameter that is 35.8% of the diameter of Jupiter. Calculate the diameter of Uranus. ........................................... km [2] (iii) The ratio diameter of Neptune : diameter of Saturn can be written in the form 1 : n. Find the value of n. n = ................................................ [1] (iv) Find the average distance of Neptune from the Sun as a percentage of the average distance of the Earth from the Sun. ..............................................% [2] © UCLES 2023 0580/41/O/N/23 5 (v) Distances within the solar system are also measured in astronomical units (AU). The average distance of Jupiter from the Sun is 5.20 AU. Calculate the average distance of Mars from the Sun in astronomical units. ........................................... AU [2] (vi) The diameter of Mars is 39.2% greater than the diameter of Mercury. Calculate the diameter of Mercury. ............................................km [2] (b) One light year is the distance that light travels in a year of 365.25 days. The speed of light is 2.9979#105 kilometres per second. (i) Show that one light year is 9.461#1012km, correct to 4 significant figures. [2] (ii) The distance from the Andromeda Galaxy to Earth is 2.40#1019km. Calculate the time taken for light to travel from this galaxy to Earth. Give your answer in millions of years. ........................... million years [2] © UCLES 2023 0580/41/O/N/23 [Turn over 6