Exercise 1 — Cambridge IGCSE 0580 Nov 2025 Paper 21 Q20
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Cambridge IGCSE·Mathematics 0580·Extended
General
Key knowledge — Probability
Formulas & equations
P(event) = number of favourable outcomes ÷ total outcomesP(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A and B)P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B) [independent events only]P(A|B) = P(A and B) ÷ P(B) [conditional probability]P(A') = 1 − P(A) [complement]
Key facts & rules
- All probabilities are between 0 and 1 inclusive.
- Mutually exclusive events: P(A and B) = 0; P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B).
- Independent events: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).
- Tree diagrams: multiply along branches, add between branches.
- Conditional probability with tree diagrams: second set of branches changes after the first event.
- Venn diagrams: ∩ means AND (intersection); ∪ means OR (union); A' means NOT A.
IGCSE Probability — General Practice Extended
7 Cambridge IGCSE 0580 questions on general at the Extended tier — each with its full mark scheme. For the Core tier on the same skill, click here.
How to approach general — open the study guide
Probability on IGCSE 0580
- AND (independent): P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).
- OR (mutually exclusive): P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B).
- Complement: P(not A) = 1 − P(A).
- Without replacement: probabilities change after the first selection.
Practice exercises
Exercise 2 — Cambridge IGCSE 0580 Jun 2025 Paper 21 Q17
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Exercise 3 — Cambridge IGCSE 0580 Specimen 2025 Paper 21 Q7
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Exercise 4 — Cambridge IGCSE 0580 Specimen 2025 Paper 41 Q7
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Exercise 5 — Cambridge IGCSE 0580 Jun 2025 Paper 42 Q22
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Exercise 6 — Cambridge IGCSE 0580 Jun 2025 Paper 43 Q20
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Exercise 7 — Cambridge IGCSE 0580 Jun 2025 Paper 23 Q11
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