Edexcel IGCSE·Mathematics 4MA1
Cartesian Coordinates 2D
Key knowledge — Co Ordinate Geometry
Formulas & equations
Distance between two points: d = √((x₂−x₁)² + (y₂−y₁)²)Midpoint: M = ((x₁+x₂)/2 , (y₁+y₂)/2)Equation of a line through (x₁,y₁) with gradient m: y−y₁ = m(x−x₁)Gradient: m = (y₂−y₁) ÷ (x₂−x₁)
Key facts & rules
- Parallel lines: same gradient.
- Perpendicular lines: gradients multiply to −1.
- The equation of a circle with centre (a,b) and radius r: (x−a)² + (y−b)² = r².
- A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.
Cartesian coordinates (2D)
8 Edexcel IGCSE 4MA1 past paper questions on cartesian coordinates 2d — Foundation and Higher, with mark schemes.
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