Cambridge IGCSE·Co-ordinated Sciences 0654·Chemistry
Experimental Techniques Analysis
Key knowledge — Experimental Techniques Analysis
Formulas & equations
Rf = distance moved by spot ÷ distance moved by solvent front (chromatography)
Key facts & rules
- Filtration: separates insoluble solid from liquid.
- Evaporation/crystallisation: separates soluble solid from solution.
- Simple distillation: separates a liquid from a solution (e.g. water from salt solution).
- Fractional distillation: separates liquids with different boiling points.
- Paper chromatography: separates dissolved substances by how far they travel on paper with solvent.
- Test for H₂: lit splint → squeaky pop.
- Test for O₂: glowing splint → relights.
- Test for CO₂: limewater → turns milky.
- Test for Cl₂: damp litmus paper → bleaches white.
- Flame tests: Li→red, Na→yellow, K→lilac, Ca→orange-red, Cu→blue-green.
- Test for sulfate SO₄²⁻: add Ba²⁺(aq) → white precipitate BaSO₄.
- Test for halide ions: add AgNO₃(aq): Cl⁻→white ppt; Br⁻→cream ppt; I⁻→yellow ppt.
IGCSE Chemistry — Experimental techniques & analysis
1111 Cambridge IGCSE 0654 chemistry past paper questions on experimental techniques & analysis, organised by subtopic. Pick a subtopic to start practising.
About experimental techniques & analysis on IGCSE 0654
Measurement, purity, separation techniques (filtration, distillation, chromatography) and chemical tests for ions and gases.